This page explains key concepts in instructional design and eLearning. Each definition is written in plain language and focuses on how these ideas apply in real workplace situations.
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Accessibility in eLearning
The practice of designing digital learning experiences so they can be used by people with a wide range of abilities. Accessible courses consider factors such as keyboard navigation, screen reader compatibility, color contrast, captions, transcripts, clear content structure, and more.
Action Mapping
An instructional design approach created by Cathy Moore. It starts with the desired business outcome and works backward to identify the behaviors employees need to perform. Instead of focusing on what people should know, it emphasizes what they should do.
ADDIE
A project management model commonly used in instructional design. It stands for Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. While many projects don’t follow it exactly, the model provides a helpful structure for planning and improving learning experiences.
Assessment
An assessment measures whether learners can perform the intended task or demonstrate the required knowledge. Good assessments reflect real-world situations rather than just testing recall.
Authoring Tools
Authoring tools are software used to create eLearning courses. Common tools include Articulate Storyline and Articulate Rise.
Bloom’s Taxonomy
A framework for classifying observable knowledge or skills based on the required cognitive processes. It helps instructional designers create measurable learning objectives and relevant assessments. The framework consists of six levels: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, and Create.
Branching Scenario
An interactive activity where learners make decisions that lead to different outcomes. Branching scenarios allow learners to safely explore the consequences of their choices in realistic situations.
Cognitive Load
The amount of mental effort being used in working memory. Good instructional design reduces unnecessary cognitive load so learners can focus on understanding and applying new concepts.
eLearning
eLearning is training delivered through digital platforms such as web-based courses. It often includes multimedia elements like video, interactions, and assessments.
Instructional Design
Instructional design is the process of creating learning experiences that help people perform specific tasks. It focuses on improving performance, not just delivering information.
Interactive eLearning
Interactive eLearning includes activities that require learners to actively engage, such as scenarios, simulations, or decision-making exercises.
Job Aid
A tool that provides just-in-time guidance while someone performs a specific task. Job aids reduce the need to memorize procedures and often improve both speed and accuracy on the job.
Kirkpatrick Model
A model for evaluating the effectiveness of training. It measures outcomes at four levels: Reaction, Learning, Behavior, and Results.
Knowledge Check
A brief activity that allows learners to assess their understanding before moving on. Unlike formal assessments, knowledge checks are used to reinforce learning and provide immediate feedback.
Knowledge vs Performance
Knowledge is what a person knows, while performance is what a person can do. Instructional design focuses on improving performance, not just increasing knowledge.
Learning Management System (LMS)
A learning management system (LMS) is a platform used to deliver, track, and manage training programs. It allows organizations to assign courses and monitor completion.
Learning Objective
A learning objective describes what learners should be able to do after completing training. Effective objectives focus on observable actions rather than vague goals.
Learning Transfer
The extent to which people apply what they learned during training to their jobs or daily lives. Effective instructional design supports learning transfer by providing realistic practice, feedback, and opportunities to reinforce new skills after training.
Microlearning
Microlearning delivers content in short, focused segments designed to address a specific task or concept. It is often used for quick reference or reinforcement.
Needs Analysis
A needs analysis is the process of identifying the root cause of a performance problem. It helps determine whether training, job aids, or another solution is needed.
Performance Support
Performance support refers to tools or resources that help employees complete tasks while they are working. These tools reduce the need to rely on memory.
Scenario-Based Learning
An instructional design strategy that places learners in realistic situations where they make decisions and experience the consequences of their choices. This approach helps people practice applying knowledge in contexts similar to their actual work.
Spaced Practice
An instructional design strategy that spreads practice and review over time instead of completing everything in one sitting. Revisiting information at intervals helps learners retain it longer.
Storyboard
A storyboard is a document that outlines the content, structure, and flow of a learning experience before development begins. It acts as a blueprint for the course.
Subject Matter Expert (SME)
A subject matter expert (SME) is a person with deep knowledge of a specific topic or job task. Instructional designers work with SMEs to ensure content is accurate and relevant.
Training
Training is a structured learning experience designed to build knowledge or skills. It is most effective when employees need to learn something new.
Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
A framework for designing learning experiences that allow everyone to have meaningful access. UDL centers learner agency by encouraging multiple means of engagement, representation, and action and expression. UDL emerged from the architectural concept of Universal Design.
About the Author
Ayla Blacklaw is an eLearning designer who helps organizations solve workplace problems through thoughtful learning solutions. She designs training and resources that help employees perform their work more effectively.